Ethiopia is facing renewed security concerns as intensifying fighting in the Tigray region raises fears of a wider conflict across the Horn of Africa.

According to reports published on October 9, Ethiopian federal forces and allied fighters entered Mekelle, the regional capital, after Tigrayan opposition forces withdrew. However, fighting has continued in other parts of Tigray, leaving the security situation uncertain.

The renewed conflict has undermined the fragile peace established by the 2022 Pretoria agreement, which ended the previous devastating war in the region. Opposition forces have indicated that their withdrawal from Mekelle does not mean they are abandoning their campaign.

Tensions have also increased along Ethiopia’s northern border. Reports of Eritrean troops entering towns in Tigray, alongside reports of drone strikes targeting Eritrean forces, have heightened concerns about a direct confrontation between the two neighbouring countries. Some details remain independently unverified, and Eritrea has disputed Ethiopia’s accusations regarding its role in the conflict.

The crisis is unfolding amid wider disagreements over Red Sea access and deteriorating diplomatic relations between Addis Ababa and Asmara. International observers have called for restraint and renewed dialogue to prevent further escalation.

The coming days could prove critical for Ethiopia, as continued fighting threatens civilian safety, disrupts local businesses and risks drawing neighbouring countries deeper into the crisis.